ISA (Interconexión Eléctrica
S.A. E.S.P.) is a key player in Latin American infrastructure and one of the
largest and most diversified Colombian business groups.
ISA, whose majority
shareholder is Ecopetrol, is a multinational group (with a presence in several
Latin American countries and even the United States) primarily dedicated to
infrastructure. Its three key business lines are:
Electric Power Transmission.
ISA is a leading player in electric power transmission in Latin America. Its function is to transport energy from generation
centers to distribution and consumption centers through high-voltage systems.
It owns a vast transmission infrastructure in the region, including more than
46,000 km of circuits. Its subsidiary XM manages the wholesale energy market in
Colombia.
Roads
and highway concessions. ISA manages road and highway infrastructure through
concessions. It designs, builds, operates, and maintains roads, such as those
managed by its subsidiary ISA INTERVIAL in Chile and the Cartagena-Barranquilla
Coastal Concession in Colombia.
Telecommunications
and ICT. Through its subsidiary InterNexa, the company offers digital and
connectivity solutions, operating an extensive terrestrial and submarine fiber
optic network.
This
network extends from Florida to Patagonia. As a large, publicly traded company
(part of the Ecopetrol Group (ISA) reports its financial results quarterly and
annually in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).
To
find the details of its balance sheet and income statement (also called the
statement of comprehensive income), you must consult the financial results
reports and integrated management reports published in its investor relations
section.
The
balance sheet presents ISA's financial position at a specific point in time
(for example, as of December 31). It is structured around the fundamental
accounting equation: assets = liabilities + equity.
As
of the end of September 2022, the consolidated assets of ISA and its companies
totaled COP 71.8 trillion, reflecting growth from new energy projects and
investments in contractual assets.
The
income statement shows ISA's financial performance over a period of time (a
quarter or a year). Its
objective is to determine net income or loss.
The first step is to understand the nature of the
historical data for the ISA variable. ISA's historical growth has demonstrated
positive long-term profitability, albeit with considerable volatility. The
distribution of its values suggests that it has experienced growth peaks more
frequently or of greater magnitude than extreme drops.
The
cumulative probability allows you to establish historical risk. If today's
price is below 14,419, history suggests a high probability of seeing a higher
price in the future. If the price is above 17,420, the cumulative probability
suggests you are in the upper quartile of historical prices.
The
short- and medium-term forecasts are crucial for today's decision; all three
forecasts suggest a significant increase in price, exceeding both the
historical mode (19,000) and the mean (14,526.65).
The
polynomial correlation of order 6 (96.08%) is exceptionally high. This suggests
that the model producing the 180-day forecast is the most reliable and accurate
based on its fit to historical data.
The
information strongly points to a medium-term decision for the following
reasons: the 180-day forecast model correlates with 96.08%, indicating that it
is the forecast with the highest statistical confidence.
The
projected value for 180 days (21,542.72) represents a substantial profit point,
exceeding almost 85% of the historical price action.
The
high degree of volatility (standard deviation) makes the short-term (90 days)
riskier despite a positive forecast. The market can be erratic during that
period The medium term, with its projected high correlation, offers a better
balance between risk and reward.
If
the current value is low (near or below the average of 14,526.65), evidence
suggests a high historical probability (over 42%) of seeing higher values. A
buy position with a 180-day investment horizon is recommended to maximize the
probability of reaching the projected value of 21,542.72.
If
the current value is high (near or above 20,000): consider whether the
potential gain at 21,542.72 justifies the risk. If you already have a position,
you could consider holding it for the 180 days or taking profits if the price
is already very close to the forecast.
Statistical
analysis supports an informed buy/hold decision with a strategic focus on the
medium-term (180-day) horizon.
The
chart above (Interconnection Electricity (ISA)) shows a general upward trend
over the long term, despite significant fluctuations. An initial price of
approximately 2,960 and a final price of 25,100 are observed, indicating
substantial appreciation over the analyzed period.
The overall return over the period is very positive.
The correlation (0.5422) indicates that the simple linear model explains
approximately 54.22% of the price variability, suggesting that the linear trend
is moderately representative.
Being of a higher order (order 6), it fits price
fluctuations much better, capturing the shape of the curve more accurately.
The use of trend models is crucial for time series
analysis. The correlations are then compared to determine which model best fits
the historical data and, therefore, offers a more reliable forecast.
The linear correlation (73.57%) indicates a moderate
positive relationship between time and price, confirming the upward trend.
However, it does not capture the cyclical or highly volatile nature of stocks.
The polynomial correlation of order 3 (96.08%) and
especially order 6 (98.24%) exhibits extremely high correlations. This means
that the polynomial model of order 6 best fits the historical price curve
(i.e., the best fit).
The 360-day forecast based on the linear correlation
is 22,137.41. The forecast based on the third-order polynomial is 22,572.77.
The forecast based on the sixth-order polynomial is 22,383.92.
The sixth-order polynomial forecast is the most
reliable in terms of best historical fit (98%). However, it is important to
remember that very high-order models can overfit the data and fail to predict
the future. Overall, all models project a slight drop in price compared to the
current closing price (25,100), suggesting a possible short-term correction or
consolidation phase.
The fact that the mode > mean > median (19,000
> 14,528.64 > 13,700) indicates a distribution with negative skewness (to
the left). Most of the values (the mode) are concentrated on the right (high
values), while the mean is pulled to the left by the presence of low outliers.
This confirms that the ISA price or return distribution is not a symmetrical
normal distribution (Gaussian bell curve). This is a typical finding in
financial series analysis.
Standard Deviation: 5,609.67 (or 80.837 for the
standard error of the mean). This is a measure of the stock's volatility or
risk. A high value (5,609.67) relative to the mean (14,528.64) indicates that
the price has fluctuated considerably over time.
Kurtosis is the fourth standard moment and measures
the degree of peakedness (concentration around the mean) and, more importantly,
the thickness of the tails of a random variable's distribution. Its kurtosis
(0.932): The value 0.932 is Fisher's excess kurtosis (actual kurtosis - 3).
Since it is greater than 0, the ISA distribution is leptokurtic.
In finance, a leptokurtic distribution indicates
that, compared to a normal distribution, there is a greater concentration of
data near the mean (higher peak). Most importantly, the tails are thicker
(higher probability of extreme events).
Kurtosis is vital
because it helps estimate tail risk. Leptokurtosis implies a higher probability
of observing extremely large price movements or returns, both positive and
negative, meaning that the risk of massive losses (or unexpected gains) is
greater than the Gaussian bell curve model would predict. Studying it is
essential for sizing The risk of catastrophic events is accurately estimated,
which the standard deviation alone would underestimate.
The histogram and
frequency polygon visually confirm the statistical diagnosis. * Analysis: * The
distribution is not a perfect, symmetrical Gaussian bell curve. * The highest
frequency bar (mode) is in the 14,420-17,419 range, while the mean is 14,528.64.
* The distribution has a shape that demonstrates the previously identified
negative skew, with a more dispersed tail to the left. * The extremes or
"tails" of the distribution (lowest and highest ranges) have non-zero
frequencies, which visually supports the leptokurtosis result.
Investment decisions
always combine quantitative analysis (like the one we just performed) with
fundamental analysis and current market conditions.
My research indicates
the following (source: December 2025 news): ISA reported a 17% drop in net
income and a reduction in EBITDA margin in the first nine months of 2025.
Factors such as regulatory adjustments and non-recurring events are mentioned.
ISA remains the largest electricity transmission company in Latin America, with
a business model based on long-term regulated contracts that guarantee stable
cash flows. It maintains the highest local risk rating (AAA). The company is
making significant infrastructure investments and has been backed by Grupo
Ecopetrol (its subsidiary) since 2021, providing financial support and
synergies in the energy transition.
Technical indicators
are used to measure the momentum, speed, and volatility of a stock's price.
The MACD (12.26),
Highs/Lows (14), Ultimate Oscillator, ROC, and Stochastic Oscillator (14)
indicate upward momentum. This suggests that, at the time of analysis (December
11, 2025), the stock still maintains a positive short- and medium-term trend.
The Stochastic
Oscillator (9.6) and Williams %R show overbought conditions. This means that
the price has risen very rapidly and could be nearing a correction or pause,
justifying the "cautionary decision-making" mentioned.
The RSI (14) and CCI
(14) are neutral, indicating that the current trend is neither extremely strong
nor weak.
The ADX (14) and
Bull/Bear Power (13) suggest selling pressure or an emerging downtrend,
although they are in the minority.
Moving averages smooth
out price action to identify the direction of the long-term trend. Long-Term Uptrend: The slower moving averages (MA20, MA50, MA100, MA200)
indicate a buy signal. This is a very strong indication that the stock's main
trend is bullish.
The faster moving averages
(MA5 and MA10), both simple and exponential, indicate a sell signal. This
corroborates the overbought/correction risk signaled by the oscillators. It
suggests that the recent closing price is below its 5- and 10-day moving averages,
which could indicate an imminent pullback or profit-taking.
The stock is in a strong
long-term uptrend, but is currently under very short-term bearish pressure,
reinforcing the need for caution.
Classic pivot point
25,533.3. If the price is below this level, the stock is in short-term bearish
territory; if it is above, it is bullish.
The last close (17,560)
and the day's range (24,920.0–25,340.0) suggest that the stock has been trading
below most of the Resistance pivot points (R1, R2, R3) and closer to the
Support levels (S1, S2, S3), reinforcing the idea of short-term selling pressure
(25,533.3 is above the day's range).
The technical-fundamental
analysis presents a classic dichotomy in trading: the year-to-date change
(61.1%), the long-term trend of the moving averages (MA20 to MA200 in Buy), the
low beta (0.36), and the high cumulative probability (98.20%) suggest that the
stock is fundamentally sound and has a strong long-term uptrend.
The oscillators in
"Overbought" (STOCH, Williams %R) and the fast-moving averages in
"Sell" (MA5, MA10) indicate that the price has risen too quickly and
is very likely to experience a correction, consolidation, or pause in the very
short term.
The current risk is
focused on a short-term technical correction (due to overbought conditions)
rather than a major trend reversal (which remains bullish). The
"moderation" recommendation is the most appropriate. If considering a
buy position, it's recommended to wait for the stock to pull back to a key
support level (e.g., the 20-day moving average, 50-day moving average, or a
pivot point level S1/S2) before entering with a wider margin of safety. Consider
that the long-term momentum may be too strong to warrant a stop-loss, but use a
tight stop-loss order Below the most relevant fast moving average (e.g.,
exponential MA5) to limit the risk of a short-term correction.
Statistically, the current
moment (with the price at 25,100) appears to be a temporary peak, as forecasts
based on historical patterns suggest a correction to levels of approximately
22,384 in the short term.
The high tail risk
(leptokurtosis) should be considered, as there is a greater probability of
extreme movements, which could mean a steeper-than-expected drop if the market
reacts to less favorable financial results.
Fundamentally, the company
is solid and operates in a critical sector (energy transmission) with a
low-regulatory-risk business model. This is not the
ideal time to invest if the goal is to obtain an immediate profit above the
current price. For a short-term investor, investing now is not recommended. It
would be prudent to wait for a correction toward the area projected by the
trend models (approximately 22,000 to 23,000) to enter with a better margin of
safety.
For a long-term investor,
the fundamental analysis remains strong. A staggered entry can be considered,
taking advantage of any price drops that occur as part of the projected
correction.














