domingo, 9 de noviembre de 2025

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COMMERCIAL BANKS AND INVESTMENT BANKS

 

Banking is primarily classified into two broad categories, differentiated by their functions, clients, and main objectives:

In practice, many of today's large financial conglomerates operate with separate commercial and investment banking divisions, even though in some countries the law (such as the Glass-Steagall Act in the US, repealed in 1999) no longer strictly mandates complete separation.

There is a significant lag in financial education and inclusion in Latin America. This is not an intentional or deliberate deprivation, but rather a multifactorial structural problem that generates a lack of knowledge about financial products and, particularly, about investment processes.

Financial education is rarely included in a mandatory and effective way in the primary or secondary school curriculum. Essential concepts (inflation, interest rates, risk-return relationship) are not understood by a large part of the population.

Three-quarters of the population living in poverty and extreme poverty continue to lack access to financial services, a situation linked to the cost and reach (both physical and digital) of these services. Without the use of these services, financial literacy is lost.

Historical distrust in the financial system (often justified by past economic crises) and the persistence of the informal economy mean that a large portion of the population does not participate in the formal system.

The dominant banking system has historically focused on commercial banking (deposits and loans) and has not prioritized promoting investment products or providing complex advice to the general public, but rather to high-net-worth clients.

This lack of financial literacy hinders informed decision-making, perpetuates economic vulnerability, and squanders the potential of financial inclusion as a tool for reducing poverty and inequality.

Promoting financial literacy is essential for improving living conditions, as it empowers people to better manage their money and use financial instruments to build wealth. Recommended actions include making financial education a cross-curricular or mandatory subject from primary to secondary school, focusing on practical concepts such as budgeting, saving, smart debt management, and basic investment concepts. Implement programs to ensure teachers acquire and effectively transmit this knowledge.

Leverage technology to create online learning platforms (courses, webinars, interactive games) accessible from mobile devices.

Banks and financial institutions should develop savings and investment products with clear and simple regulations (e.g., low-cost, low-risk investment funds) designed for less experienced clients, and promote a 100% digital onboarding process.

Require institutions to use simple and transparent language in their product documentation and promotion, eliminating complex financial jargon.

Develop financial education workshops and programs that address the specific needs of different population groups (youth, women entrepreneurs, remittance recipients, rural populations). Encourage the development of savings and credit cooperatives or associative models that strengthen social cohesion and education in contexts of trust. Improving financial literacy is directly related to increased income levels and economic well-being, by enabling families and individuals to make decisions that allow them to increase their wealth.

ISA: HISTORICAL RETURN (96% CORRELATION) AND DEFENSIVE RISK (BETA 0.36) FOR THE LONG-TERM PORTFOLIO.

 

The analysis of Interconexión Eléctrica (ISA) stock price, from the start of the study (November 4, 2010) at 12,960 to the final price of 25,880, shows a significant positive return over the period, as corroborated by the price chart.

The profitability chart is key to understanding the trend.

The linear model (green line) shows a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.534. This indicates that the linear model explains approximately 53.4% ​​of the price variability, suggesting a moderate and increasing relationship in the long term. The regression equation is: Y = 3.2795x + 8149.

The correlation table indicates that polynomial regressions are better, with a 6th-order polynomial correlation of 96.00% and a 3rd-order polynomial correlation of 88.71%.

The 96.00% correlation for the 6th order (green line) demonstrates that this model fits the historical price trajectory very closely. This model better captures the upward and downward cycles (peaks and troughs) that are not linear.

The fact that the 6th-order polynomial correlation is much higher than the linear and 3rd-order correlations indicates that the price evolution of ISA is not simply a straight upward line, but is defined by multiple cycles and phases (an upward trend with intermediate corrections). Polynomial models, although good at describing the Past performance data should be used with caution for very long-term future projections.

The descriptive statistics table provides a solid diagnosis of the stock price distribution.

Skewness and kurtosis analysis is fundamental in finance for understanding tail risk.

The skewness of 0.8403 is positive, indicating a significant difference between the mean (14.472), median (13.060), and mode (12.960). Since the mean is greater than the median and the mode, the price distribution is positively skewed, or skewed to the right.

This means the distribution has a longer right tail. There are more days of low prices (concentration near the mode and median), but gains are driven by a few days of exceptionally high prices (the right tail). The average price (mean) is "pulled" upward by these outliers (peaks). The histogram corroborates this by showing a higher frequency in the lower class intervals. High, positive kurtosis (leptokurtic) means the distribution has heavier tails (a higher probability of extreme events) and a sharper peak than a normal distribution. In finance, this means a greater risk of extreme losses or gains. Negative kurtosis (platykurtic), as in this case (−0.393), means the distribution is flatter and has thinner tails than a normal distribution. The negative kurtosis of ISA suggests that prices have a more dispersed variance, and extremely high or low price events are less likely than in a normal distribution.

This may indicate a lower probability of major crashes (Black Swan Events) compared to a highly leptokurtic asset, resulting in less tail risk for the investor.

 If the distribution were normal, the histogram would resemble a symmetrical Gaussian bell curve. However, the ISA histogram shows a higher concentration of data in the lower class intervals (left), with a "tail" extending to the right (upper intervals). This corroborates the positive skew (0.8403) and the lack of normality.

The price has risen from $12,960 to $25,880, and the 6th-order polynomial model with a 96% correlation confirms a solid trajectory. A standard deviation of 4.995 indicates the level of fluctuation, and an average monthly return of 0.36% represents a consistently positive return. Negative kurtosis implies that the risk of extreme price events (massive losses) is statistically lower than in an asset with a leptokurtic distribution.

Positive skewness indicates that, while the overall trend is positive, prices mostly remain at lower levels (close to the mode), and large price jumps are less frequent.

Yes, from the statistical and econometric perspective of the data presented, it is worth investing now. The analysis shows an asset with a strong growth track record (96% correlation) and a positive return trajectory (0.36% average monthly return). Although the distribution is not normal and is skewed, the tail risk is low (negative kurtosis), suggesting that the risk profile is manageable and large, and extreme losses are less likely.

The 90- and 180-day forecasts (21,083 and 21,381) are positive, although they are below the current price (25,880), which could indicate an expected correction or that the model used for the projection is not the most robust for the short term. The decision is based more on the long-term trend and the stable risk profile.

The technical analysis uses indicators and oscillators to measure the strength and direction of price movements. The moving average (MA) result is extremely bullish: 12 Buy signals and 0 Sell signals.

The fact that the current stock price (approximately 25,880 according to the chart) is above all the Moving Averages (both simple and exponential), from the 5-period MA (short-term) to the 200-period MA (long-term), indicates a very strong and well-established upward trend across all time horizons. This reinforces the positive trajectory diagnosis shown by the polynomial statistical analysis. The indicators show a clear buying intent (9), but three key indicators are warning of overbought conditions and, therefore, caution. Trend indicators (MACD, ADX) and momentum indicators (Ultimate Oscillator, ROC) suggest that current buying pressure is dominant.

Range oscillators such as the Stochastic Oscillator (STOCH) and Williams %R are in overbought territory. This means that the price has risen very rapidly in the short term, and a correction or sideways movement (a pause in the upward trend) is statistically likely in the immediate future. This is the main "Uncertainty" or "Caution" factor mentioned.

The fact that the cumulative probability has reached 98.88% implies that the current price is in the upper right tail of the historical price distribution.

This is directly related to the positive skew (0.8403) and the low median/mode of the statistical analysis. Most of the data is concentrated at low prices, which places the current price (25,880) in a very low historical probability range.

Being in the tail of the distribution is a statistically unusual or extreme position. The price is at an excellent level (good action), but the probability of it continuing to rise without a correction is drastically reduced. This reinforces the overbought signal from the technical oscillators.

Pivot points are key support (S) and resistance (R) levels used to plan short-term entries and exits.

The pivot point (PP) at 25,840 acts as a key breakeven point. Given that the current price is slightly above this target price, the S1 (Support) level in the 25,400-25,587.9 range is the first level where the price could bounce if it initiates a correction.

Expanding the technical analysis does not invalidate the investment recommendation, but rather contextualizes it and adds a layer of temporary caution.

The stock is a "Strong Buy" based on the historical trend and the consolidation of the moving averages. It is a quality asset (good returns and low tail risk). The overbought signal and the accumulated probability at an extreme level indicate that this is not the optimal time for a buyImmediate and massive entry. There is a high probability of a small price correction in the short term.

A Stepped Entry strategy (Dollar-Cost Averaging or DCA) is recommended. Instead of investing all capital immediately, consider making a moderate initial entry to capitalize on the trend, reserving capital for additional entries if the price corrects towards the S1 (25,400) or S2 support levels.

Fundamental analysis evaluates the company's intrinsic value based on its financial metrics. By integrating the three pillars of analysis, a robust and nuanced conclusion is reached. The 0.36 Beta (fundamental) directly confirms the platykurtosis (low tail risk) of the statistical analysis. ISA is a defensive stock that tends to fall less than the market during recessions and is ideal for preserving capital.

The high standard deviation and ATR are justified by the 57.7% growth over one year, which is an upward price movement and not uncontrolled volatility. Profitability (margin 49.7%, ROE 13.7%) and valuation (P/E ratio 11.8x) are solid and fair. The econometric analysis (96% polynomial correlation) and the technical analysis (12/12, buy moving averages) confirm that the stock's upward momentum is supported by the strength of the business.

The three overbought indicators and the 98.88% cumulative probability are the only warning signs. This does not call into question the quality of the company, but rather the timing of the entry. It indicates that, in the coming days or weeks, the price could correct or pause before continuing its upward trend.

Yes, it's worth investing in Interconexión Eléctrica (ISA) right now because the fundamental risk (Beta 0.36) and statistical tail risk are low, while the quality, profitability, and long-term trend are exceptionally strong.

However, to mitigate the short-term risk of the overbought technical signal, it's important to understand that ISA is a long-term asset, a defensive pillar with an attractive dividend, ideal for any portfolio seeking stability and consistent growth.

 

THE IMPORTANCE OF FINANCIAL FREEDOM THROUGH SAVING AND INVESTING

 

Financial freedom represents a state in which a person has enough passive income to cover their needs and desires, without depending exclusively on a job or active work. Achieving this freedom is now more than ever a vital goal for improving the quality of life and building a secure and prosperous future. However, to get there, it is essential to understand the difference between saving and making money work for you through investment.

Saving is the first step toward financial freedom. It involves setting aside a portion of your income regularly, with discipline and consistency. Although saved money is a safe haven, it does not grow or generate new resources on its own. Therefore, the sole function of saving is to protect capital and create a reserve fund that allows you to take advantage of opportunities or cope with unforeseen events.

However, saving alone is not enough. For wealth to grow, money must generate returns. This is where investment comes in, the mechanism by which capital works for the individual, generating profits that increase their wealth. Investment provides returns, which is the engine that drives the generation of passive income. This income is key to achieving financial freedom, as it functions independently of daily effort and time dedicated to active work.

It is essential to motivate those who do not come from wealthy backgrounds to understand that financial freedom is attainable with financial education, discipline, and a long-term vision. Learning to save consistently, becoming informed about accessible financial instruments, and daring to invest responsibly are crucial steps to transforming one's personal economic reality.

The path to a better future begins today. Every small accumulated savings and every smart investment are building blocks of solid wealth. In this way, anyone can achieve financial independence and enjoy a life with greater opportunities, stability, and well-being.

ANÁLISIS MULTIDIMENSIONAL DE MICROSOFT (MSFT): CRECIMIENTO HISTÓRICO EXCEPCIONAL VS. RIESGO DE CORRECCIÓN INMINENTE.

 

Las medidas de tendencia central (media, mediana y moda) nos dan una idea del valor "típico" del precio de la acción de MSFT durante el período de estudio:

La media (153,06) y la mediana (153,07) son prácticamente idénticas. Esto es un indicador fuerte de que la distribución del precio de la acción es cercana a la simetría. Si la distribución fuera perfectamente simétrica (como la campana de Gauss), la media, mediana y moda coincidirían.

En este caso, la moda (84,17) es significativamente menor, lo que implica que, aunque los precios más altos y bajos están distribuidos de forma similar alrededor del punto medio (mediana), los precios más frecuentes (moda) se concentraron en valores bajos al comienzo del periodo.

La distribución tiene una ligera asimetría positiva o a la derecha (o casi nula debido a la media ≈ mediana), lo que significa que hubo más valores extremos (precios altos) que valores bajos. El histograma y su polígono de frecuencias confirman esto, ya que la mayor concentración de frecuencia está en el primer intervalo (23,01-123,01), pero la mediana (153,07) está mucho más a la derecha, indicando que la mayor parte del período la acción tuvo un precio superior al más frecuente.

La desviación estándar (standard deviation), 142,04, es una medida alta de volatilidad o riesgo. Indica que, en promedio, el precio de la acción se desvió 142,04 unidades monetarias con respecto a su precio promedio (media de 153,06).

La varianza de 20.177,71, que corresponde al cuadrado de la desviación estándar y se usa como medida de la dispersión de los datos.

El rango (range),  519,06, es la diferencia entre el precio máximo (542,07) y el precio mínimo (23,01). Confirma la gran variación de precios a lo largo de los 15 años.

El valor de curtosis es −0,35. La curtosis mide el grado de apuntamiento o achatamiento de la distribución de una variable respecto a la distribución normal (mesocúrtica).

Si curtosis >0 (Leptocúrtica), la distribución es más apuntada y tiene "colas" más pesadas. Si curtosis = 0 (Mesocúrtica): Similar a la distribución normal y si la curtosis < 0 (Platicúrtica), la distribución es más achatada y tiene "colas" más ligeras.

La curtosis positiva (Leptocúrtica) es un indicador de que los eventos extremos (grandes ganancias o pérdidas) son más probables de lo que predeciría un modelo basado en una distribución normal. Esto implica un mayor riesgo de cola.

En el caso de MSFT, la curtosis de −0,35 es ligeramente platicúrtica. Esto sugiere que la distribución es más plana y los valores extremos (tanto máximos como mínimos) son ligeramente menos probables de lo que se esperaría de una distribución normal.

Para un inversor, esto implica que, si bien la volatilidad (medida por la desviación estándar) es alta, la probabilidad de experimentar caídas catastróficas o picos masivos es ligeramente menor que en otros activos con alta curtosis. Disminuir el riesgo de inversión en este contexto significa que la distribución no está tan concentrada en los extremos, ofreciendo una apariencia de estabilidad relativa en el centro, aunque la volatilidad general sea alta.

Los gráficos muestran una clara tendencia alcista y la tabla proporciona métricas para evaluar qué modelo explica mejor esta tendencia, lo que indica que una línea recta simple solo explica aproximadamente la mitad de la variación del precio de MSFT a lo largo del tiempo. Es un ajuste moderado.

La correlación polinómica de orden 3 (polynomial correlation orden 3) 66,80%, un polinomio de tercer orden explica significativamente mejor la tendencia que el modelo lineal.

La correlación polinómica de orden 6 (Polynomial Correlation orden 6), 99,51%, un modelo de orden 6 se ajusta casi perfectamente a los datos, como se ve en el gráfico, capturando incluso las fluctuaciones más pequeñas. Esto demuestra que el crecimiento de MSFT no ha sido lineal, sino un crecimiento acelerado e irregular.

El alto crecimiento y la correlación del 99,51% con un modelo de orden 6 confirman que MSFT ha experimentado un fuerte crecimiento exponencial o parabólico durante el período. El modelo polinómico de orden 6 ofrece la mejor herramienta predictiva para estimar el precio futuro (Pronóstico de 90 y 180 días).

La rentabilidad de 15 años 9 meses de 1505,17%, es un rendimiento extraordinario. La rentabilidad mensual promedio de  1,46% (calculado y confirmado por el valor en la tabla) y el Intervalo de Confianza 95,0%: 4,40 - 444,46. Esto significa que, con un 95% de confianza, el precio promedio de la acción de MSFT caerá dentro de este rango. Es un rango muy amplio, lo que reitera la alta volatilidad.

El valor p muestra que el precio de cierre de 496,82 es un máximo histórico dentro del 99% de los precios observados. Esto es fundamental para la decisión de inversión, ya que implica que la acción está cotizando en un nivel muy alto respecto a su historia, lo que podría indicar que está sobrevalorada o que su crecimiento se ha acelerado notablemente.

Desde el punto de vista del análisis estadístico y econométrico presentado, la rentabilidad del 1505,17% y la correlación casi perfecta del modelo polinómico indican que MSFT es una empresa con un crecimiento sólido, acelerado y consistente. La baja probabilidad de "eventos de cola" catastróficos.

La gran desviación estándar y el amplio intervalo de confianza implican que la acción es muy volátil y su precio puede fluctuar drásticamente.

El precio actual de 496,82 se encuentra en el percentil 99,22% de los precios observados. Esto sugiere que la acción está en un punto de resistencia o tope, lo que aumenta el riesgo de una corrección a la baja.

La decisión de invertir en MSFT en este momento implica un alto riesgo a corto plazo debido al máximo histórico de su precio y su alta volatilidad, a pesar de su excelente potencial de crecimiento a largo plazo (avalado por la rentabilidad y la tendencia polinómica).

Se aconseja una inversión cautelosa. Si bien los pronósticos a 90 y 180 días (388,32 y 398,48, respectivamente) sugieren que se podría esperar una corrección de precios (o que el modelo polinómico de orden 6 puede estar sobreajustado a los datos), la fuerza de la tendencia a largo plazo es innegable.

Si se es un inversor a largo plazo que tolera una alta volatilidad, es aconsejable invertir (usando la estrategia del Dólar-Cost Averaging para mitigar el riesgo de comprar en un máximo).

Si es  un inversor de corto plazo, no es el momento óptimo, ya que el riesgo de una corrección es alto.

El análisis técnico y fundamental confirma la extrema precaución en la inversión a corto plazo, a pesar de la fortaleza de la empresa a largo plazo que indicaba el análisis econométrico.

El consenso de los indicadores técnicos es el factor más crítico en el momento actual (07.11.2025 a las 21:06 GMT, con un cierre de 497,10).

El RSI(14) o Índice de fuerza relativa con  valor de  32,94 (Venta), indica que la acción está cercana a niveles de sobreventa, lo que confirma que el precio ha caído significativamente en las últimas sesiones.

El STOCHRSI (14) o estocástico rápido que enseña un valor de 100 indicando sobrecompra. Este es un oscilador, que mide la velocidad del RSI, está en su máximo, lo que indica que la acción ha experimentado un impulso alcista muy rápido recientemente (llevándola al precio máximo histórico de 496,82), pero que es insostenible y requiere un retroceso inmediato.

El MACD (12,26) o relación de divergencia/convergencia de medias móviles: Valor -4,8 (Venta). La línea MACD está por debajo de la línea de señal, lo que es una señal clásica de un momentum bajista en desarrollo.

El precio de cierre (497,10) se sitúa ligeramente por encima del punto pivote clásico (496,04), pero por debajo de las resistencias más importantes (R1 en 497,39 y R2 en 498,81).

La mayoría de los puntos de resistencia R1, R2 y R3 se sitúan en el rango de 497,39 a 500,16. Para que la acción reanude la tendencia alcista, debe superar estos niveles.

Si el precio cae, los soportes S1, S2 y S3 (494,62 a 491,85) serán clave. Una ruptura por debajo de S3 podría indicar una corrección profunda.

Los datos fundamentales refuerzan la tesis de que MSFT es una empresa de calidad superior, pero la valoración actual es exigente.

La probabilidad acumulada de 99,22%, junto con el análisis técnico (Sobrecompra en STOCHRSI y MAs de venta) valida la señal de precaución de la probabilidad acumulada. El precio actual está en un punto extremo de su distribución histórica.

El excelente rendimiento histórico (1505,17%) y los sólidos fundamentales justifican por qué los inversores están dispuestos a tolerar la alta volatilidad y la desviación estándar alta. La fe en el crecimiento exponencial es lo que impulsa el alto PER.

Los pronósticos de 388,32 (90 días) y 398,48 (180 días) sugieren que el modelo polinómico (aunque con correlación del 99,51%) proyecta una corrección o una consolidación a la baja desde los máximos actuales, lo cual está totalmente alineado con las señales de "Venta Fuerte" del análisis técnico.

La combinación del análisis estadístico, técnico y fundamental conduce a una conclusión de extrema cautela para una entrada inmediata.

Para el inversor de largo plazo (estratégico),  la calidad del análisis fundamental es innegable (márgenes altos, ROE alto, posición de mercado). Las correcciones impulsadas por señales de venta técnica (como las actuales) son a menudo oportunidades de compra para el inversor estratégico.

Para el inversor a corto/mediano plazo (táctico),  la inversión está desaconsejada. El consenso de "Venta Fuerte" y la sobrecompra en un máximo histórico indican que la probabilidad de una caída de precios en las próximas semanas es alta (tal como lo sugieren los pronósticos del modelo econométrico).

La mejor decisión es esperar una corrección. Monitoree los niveles de soporte: si el precio se acerca al rango de 390-410 (que coincide con los pronósticos y podría considerarse el "valor razonable" después de una corrección técnica), se presentará una oportunidad de entrada más segura y con mejor relación riesgo-recompensa para el largo plazo.

 

 

sábado, 8 de noviembre de 2025

MULTIDIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF MICROSOFT (MSFT): EXCEPTIONAL HISTORICAL GROWTH VS. RISK OF IMMINENT CORRECTION.

 

The measures of central tendency (mean, median, and mode) give us an idea of ​​the "typical" MSFT stock price during the study period:

The mean (153.06) and median (153.07) are virtually identical. This is a strong indicator that the stock price distribution is close to symmetrical. If the distribution were perfectly symmetrical (like a bell curve), the mean, median, and mode would coincide.

In this case, the mode (84.17) is significantly lower, implying that, although the highest and lowest prices are similarly distributed around the midpoint (median), the most frequent prices (mode) were concentrated at low values ​​at the beginning of the period.

The distribution has a slight positive or right skew (or almost zero due to the mean being roughly equal to the median), meaning there were more extreme values ​​(high prices) than low values. The histogram and its frequency polygon confirm this, as the highest frequency concentration is in the first interval (23.01123.01), but the median (153.07) is much further to the right, indicating that for most of the period the stock price was higher than the most frequent price.

The standard deviation, 142.04, is a high measure of volatility or risk. It indicates that, on average, the stock price deviated by 142.04 monetary units from its average price (mean of 153.06).

The variance of 20,177.71, which corresponds to the square of the standard deviation, is used as a measure of data dispersion.

The range, 519.06, is the difference between the maximum price (542.07) and the minimum price (23.01). This confirms the large price variation over the 15 years.

The kurtosis value is −0.35. Kurtosis measures the degree of peakedness or flatness of a variable's distribution compared to a normal (mesokurtic) distribution.

If kurtosis > 0 (leptokurtic), the distribution is more peaked and has heavier "tails." If kurtosis = 0 (mesokurtic): Similar to a normal distribution, and if kurtosis < 0 (platykurtic), the distribution is flatter and has lighter "tails."

Positive kurtosis (leptokurtic) indicates that extreme events (large gains or losses) are more likely than a model based on a normal distribution would predict. This implies a higher tail risk.

In the case of MSFT, the kurtosis of −0.35 is slightly platykurtic. This suggests that the distribution is flatter, and extreme values ​​(both highs and lows) are slightly less likely than would be expected from a normal distribution.

For an investor, this means that while volatility (measured by the standard deviation) is high, the probability of experiencing catastrophic drops or massive spikes is slightly lower than with other assets that have high kurtosis. Lowering investment risk in this context means that the distribution is not as concentrated at the extremes, offering an appearance of relative stability in the center, even though overall volatility is high.

The charts show a clear upward trend, and the table provides metrics to evaluate which model best explains this trend, indicating that a simple straight line only explains about half of the MSFT price variation over time. This is a moderate fit.

The 3rd-order polynomial correlation (66.80%) shows that a third-order polynomial explains the trend significantly better than the linear model.

The 6th-order polynomial correlation (99.51%) shows that a 6th-order model fits the data almost perfectly, as seen in the chart, capturing even the smallest fluctuations. This demonstrates that MSFT's growth has not been linear, but rather accelerated and irregular.

The high growth rate and the 99.51% correlation with the 6th-order model confirm that MSFT has experienced strong exponential or parabolic growth over the period. The sixth-order polynomial model offers the best predictive tool for estimating future prices (90- and 180-day forecasts).

The 15-year, 9-month return of 1505.17% is an extraordinary performance. The average monthly return of 1.46% (calculated and confirmed by the value in the table) and the 95% confidence interval are 4.40–444.46. This means that, with 95% confidence, the average MSFT stock price will fall within this range. This is a very wide range, which underscores the high volatility.

The p-value shows that the closing price of 496.82 is an all-time high within 99% of observed prices. This is crucial for investment decisions, as this implies that the stock is trading at a very high level relative to its historical performance, which could indicate that it is overvalued or that its growth has accelerated significantly.

From the perspective of the presented statistical and econometric analysis, the 1505.17% return and the near-perfect correlation of the polynomial model indicate that MSFT is a company with solid, accelerated, and consistent growth. There is a low probability of catastrophic "tail events."

 

The large standard deviation and wide confidence interval imply that the stock is highly volatile and its price can fluctuate dramatically.

The current price of 496.82 is at the 99.22nd percentile of observed prices. This suggests that the stock is at a resistance or top point, increasing the risk of a downward correction.

Investing in MSFT at this time carries a high short-term risk due to its all-time high price and high volatility, despite its excellent long-term growth potential (supported by profitability and the polynomial trend).

Caution is advised. While the 90- and 180-day forecasts (388.32 and 398.48, respectively) suggest a price correction could be expected (or that the 6th-order polynomial model may be overfitted to the data), the strength of the long-term trend is undeniable.

If you are a long-term investor who tolerates high volatility, investing is advisable (using a Dollar-Cost Averaging strategy to mitigate the risk of buying at the peak).

If you are a short-term investor, now is not the optimal time, as the risk of a correction is high.

Technical and fundamental analysis confirms the need for extreme caution in short-term investing, despite the company's long-term strength indicated by econometric analysis.

The consensus of technical indicators is the most critical factor at the moment (November 7, 2025, at 9:06 PM GMT, with a closing price of 497.10).

The RSI(14), or Relative Strength Index, with a value of 32.94 (Sell), indicates that the stock is near oversold levels, confirming that the price has fallen significantly in recent sessions.

The STOCHRSI(14), or Fast Stochastic Oscillator, shows a value of 100, indicating overbought conditions. This oscillator, which measures the speed of the RSI, is at its maximum, indicating that the stock has recently experienced a very rapid upward surge (taking it to an all-time high of 496.82), but that this surge is unsustainable and requires an immediate pullback.

The MACD (12.26), or Moving Average Convergence/Divergence Ratio, is at -4.8 (Sell). The MACD line is below the signal line, a classic sign of developing bearish momentum.

The closing price (497.10) is slightly above the classic pivot point (496.04) but below the major resistance levels (R1 at 497.39 and R2 at 498.81).

Most of the resistance levels R1, R2, and R3 are located in the 497.39 to 500.16 range. For the stock to resume its upward trend, it must break through these levels.

If the price falls, support levels S1, S2, and S3 (494.62 to 491.85) will be key. A break below S3 could signal a deep correction.

Fundamental data reinforces the thesis that Microsoft is a premium company, but the current valuation is demanding.

The cumulative probability of 99.22%, along with technical analysis (overbought on the Stochastic Oscillator and selling signals), validates the cumulative probability's caution signal. The current price is at an extreme point in its historical distribution.

The excellent historical performance (1505.17%) and solid fundamentals justify why investors are willing to tolerate high volatility and a high standard deviation. Belief in exponential growth is what drives the high P/E ratio. The forecasts of 388.32 (90 days) and 398.48 (180 days) suggest that the polynomial model (albeit with a 99.51% correlation) projects a downward correction or consolidation from the current highs, which is fully aligned with the "Strong Sell" signals from the technical analysis.

The combination of statistical, technical, and fundamental analysis leads to a conclusion of extreme caution regarding immediate entry.

 For the long-term (strategic) investor, the quality of the fundamental analysis is undeniable (high margins, high ROE, market position). Corrections driven by technical sell signals (such as the current ones) are often buying opportunities for the strategic investor.

For the short/medium-term (tactical) investor, investment is discouraged. The "Strong Sell" consensus and the

Enviar comes. Overbought conditions at an all-time high indicate a high probability of a price drop in the coming weeks (as suggested by the econometric model forecasts).

The best course of action is to wait for a correction. Monitor support levels: if the price approaches the 390-410 range (which aligns with forecasts and could be considered the "fair value" after a technical correction), a safer entry opportunity with a better risk-reward ratio will present itself for the long term.

 

jueves, 6 de noviembre de 2025

DON'T LEAVE YOUR FINANCIAL FUTURE TO CHANCE: THE OPPORTUNITY OF STOCK MARKET INVESTMENTS

 

Dear Colleague,

I know that the world of stock market investing may sound complex, risky, or simply outside your field of expertise. It's natural to feel apprehensive or unfamiliar with something that isn't commonly taught in our professional training. However, I'm reaching out to you today because your future well-being and that of your family depend on making smart financial decisions today.

As a professional, you dedicate your time and talent to work that generates an active income. But what if that effort could work for you while you sleep or enjoy your free time?

Stock market investing, when done with knowledge and discipline, isn't a lottery; it's a proven tool for:

Generating Passive Income: Your money can start generating consistent returns, gradually freeing you from the need to trade all your time for money.

Improving Your Living Conditions: By creating an additional income stream, you can strengthen your household finances, achieve financial freedom, and accomplish meaningful goals that currently seem distant.

Secure Your Retirement: Investments are key to building capital that will allow you to maintain, and even improve, your quality of life when you decide to leave your primary job.

The fear of investing is often the fear of the unknown. The true value of investments lies in using them as a vehicle to transform your long-term dreams into a tangible reality.

My name is Fabio de Jesús Suarez Agudelo, and for years I have been an investment professor and consultant. My mission is to demystify this world and provide you with the knowledge and strategy necessary to invest safely and see results.

If you want to achieve and enhance your dreams of financial well-being, and you are ready to overcome your fears to build a solid future, I invite you to consult with me.

Your passive income and future peace of mind await. I look forward to starting this journey together. Sincerely,

Fabio de Jesús Suarez Agudelo

Professor and Investment Consultant

Email: fs1950@gmail.com

NO DEJE SU FUTURO FINANCIERO AL AZAR: LA OPORTUNIDAD DE LAS INVERSIONES BURSÁTILES

 

Estimado(a) Colega Profesional.

Sé que el mundo de las inversiones bursátiles puede sonar complejo, arriesgado o simplemente ajeno a su campo de especialización. Es natural sentir temor o desconocimiento ante algo que no se enseña comúnmente en nuestro camino profesional. Sin embargo, me dirijo a usted hoy porque el bienestar futuro de usted y su familia depende de tomar decisiones financieras inteligentes hoy.

Como profesional, usted dedica su tiempo y talento a una labor que le genera un ingreso activo. Pero ¿qué pasaría si ese esfuerzo pudiera trabajar para usted mientras duerme o disfruta de su tiempo libre?

La inversión bursátil, realizada con conocimiento y disciplina, no es una lotería; es una herramienta probada para:

Generar Ingresos Pasivos: Su dinero puede empezar a producir ganancias de forma constante, liberándolo gradualmente de la necesidad de intercambiar todo su tiempo por dinero.

Mejorar sus Condiciones de Vida: Al crear un flujo de ingresos adicional, usted puede fortalecer la economía del hogar, alcanzar la libertad financiera y cumplir metas significativas que hoy parecen lejanas.

Asegurar su Retiro: Las inversiones son la clave para construir un capital que le permita mantener, e incluso elevar, su calidad de vida cuando decida dejar su actividad laboral principal.

El miedo a invertir es, a menudo, el miedo a lo desconocido. La verdadera utilidad de las inversiones radica en usarlas como un vehículo para transformar sus sueños de largo plazo en una realidad tangible.

Mi nombre es Fabio de Jesús Suarez Agudelo, y durante años he sido profesor y consultor de inversiones. Mi misión es desmitificar este mundo y proporcionarle el conocimiento y la estrategia necesarios para que invierta con seguridad y vea resultados.

Si desea lograr y mejorar sus sueños de bienestar financiero, y está listo(a) para dejar atrás el miedo para construir un futuro sólido, lo invito a consultarme.

Su ingreso pasivo y su tranquilidad futura esperan.

Le espero para empezar este camino juntos.

Atentamente,

Fabio de Jesús Suarez Agudelo 

Profesor y Consultor de Inversiones 

Correo Electrónico: fs1950@gmail.com